The station was established in 1949 to study the ecology and breeding of fish important for the pond fishery of the Ukrainian SSR.

In the early years of the hydrobiological station, scientific research was devoted to developing new carp breeds and methods of their artificial reproduction. In 1953–1956, Far Eastern herbivorous fish (grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp) were introduced from the Amur River (territory of the USSR and the People's Republic of China) into fish-breeding ponds. During this period, experimental research focused on the development of biotechniques for their artificial reproduction and rearing, which was successfully accomplished.

From the mid-1980s, selective breeding work was conducted with herbivorous fish. For this purpose, the Krasnodar lines of silver and bighead carp and the Moldovan line of grass carp were introduced. The descendants of these fish species still exist at the station to this day. Based on the research conducted, a highly productive bighead carp hybrid was developed, characterised by high fertility and rapid growth rate.

Today, the Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine uses the following facilities at the Bila Tserkva Experimental Hydrobiological Station for scientific work:

The station is used for sorting and preliminary analysis of expedition materials collected from the Kyiv Reservoir and its tributaries — the Prypiat, Teteriv, upper Dnipro, and other water bodies of Polissia.

The station is equipped with a special room for incineration of biological materials for subsequent determination of chemical, toxic, radioactive, and other elements and substances.